Merger of JP Morgan Chase Co - Free Essay Example

Executive Summary This paper on the Banking industry consist the merger of JP Morgan Chase Co. It argues that the experience of Banking industry in the US is unique and also the impact of the merger in JP Morgan Chase Co. It is not paradigmatic also tells that all banks are not driven efficiently. The paper talks about the merger of JP Morgan Chase Co. using The Porters The Fishbone Model. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Overview of Banking Industry in US 3 1.2 Overview of JP Morgan and Chase 3 2. STUDY OF MERGER BETWEEN JP MORGAN CHASE (2000) 4 2.1 Purpose of the study 5 2.2 Significance of this study 5 2.3 Limitations 5 3.RESEARCH MODEL 6 3.1. The Fish Bone Model 6 3.2 Elements of the Model 7 3.3. Previous Research Findings 8 3.4. Critics for the Previous Research 8 4.PREVIOUS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 5.CONCLUSION 10 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of Banking Industry in US This paper on the Banking industry consist the mergers of banks with a special emphasis on the US banks. It argues that the experience of Banking industry in the US is unique and it is not paradigmatic also tells that all banks are not driven efficiently. Mergers in banks arise because of macro structural circumstances and shifts to strategic motives in a period of time (Benston, Hunter, Wall, 1995). Over the few years, bank mergers and acquisitions have been occurring at a very high rate. During the recent decades the US banking system is experiencing an intense structural change which is happening at a very rapid place. When banks document deposits made by customers create credit evaluations and move funds they process information. The banks and the financial services industries entrants have been very much affected by the current information processing revolution. The banks are moderately transforming themselves from intermediaries that have loans, deposits and securities in their balance sheets into brokers who originate loans and then allocate them to others who obtain securitized assets. This change has occurred due to rapid increase of the technical advancements in processing information. 1.2 Overview of JP Morgan and Chase JPMorgan Chase Co. is one of the worlds largest, oldest, and best-known financial institutions. Since their founding in New York in the year 1799, they have succeeded and grown by listening to their customers and also by meeting their needs. Being a global financial services firm and with operations in more than 50 countries, JPMorgan Chase Co. combines two of the worlds best and premier financial brands: J.P Morgan and Chase. JPMorgan Chase Co. is a leader in financial services for consumers; investment banking; financial transaction processing; small business and commercial banking; private equity and asset management. JPMorgan Chase Co. serves millions of consumers in the United States and also the worlds most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients. JPMorgan Chase Co. is built on the foundation of more than 1,000 predecessor institutions that has come together over the years to form todays company. Their many well-known heritage banks include J.P Morga n Co., The Chase Manhattan Bank, The First National Bank of Chicago, Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co., Bank One, Chemical Bank and National Bank of Detroit, each closely tied in its time for innovations in finance and for the growth of the United States and global economies. (The History of JP Morgan Chase Co., 2008) 2. STUDY OF MERGER BETWEEN JP MORGAN CHASE (2000) On examining, there are four main paths are identified which explains explains the reasons behind the mergers activity. These paths are related to (1) creating economies of scales, (2) expanding in geographically means, (3) increasing the combined capital base (size) and product offerings, and (4) gaining the market power. In examining these paths, it appears that, at a much higher level in Porters fishbone framework, the mergers are driven by cost reductions than increasing the gross revenue. Global consolidation and Downsizing allowing banks in increasing its size and market capabilities while creating some technological efficiencies largely responsible for the cost savings of mergers. The research results on the financial performance of the merged banks have resulted in conflicting conclusions. While some research has found that bank acquisitions are not improving the financial performance of the combined banks (Baradwaj, Dubofsky, Fraser, 1992). When Chase Manhattan anno unced its merger with J.P. Morgan in September 2000, the companys shares were selling at $52. (Palia, 1994). Today, they make around $30, and the press is filled with reports of the companys performance. Getting bigger has not helped Chase Manhattan to get better. Nor has it helped other companies. The Wall Street Journal recently reported that the share prices of the 50 biggest corporate acquirers of the 1990s have fallen three times as much as the Dow Jones Industrial Average. (Toyne Tripp, 1998). The size counts, especially in addressing the complex problems that span geographies and functions. But bigger doesnt make a company better at serving customers. Chase is the product of two megadeals that came earlier, its mergers with Chemical Manufacturers Hanover and. J.P. Morgan is the part of the venerable House of Morgan which was traditionally a commercial bank, but has aggressively entered the investment banking business. After flirting with other merger partners from Europe and elsewhere, it finally offered the famous name and blue-chip client roster to its fellow New Yorker for about $36 billion in stock. (Madura Wiant, 1994) 2.1 Purpose of the study The history before the acquisition is very important to consider the enormity of the product. In 1991, Chemical Banking Corp. merged with Manufacturers Hanover Corp., keeping the name Chemical Banking Corp., then the second largest banking institution in the United States. In 1995, First Chicago Corp. merged with NBD Bancorp Inc., forming First Chicago NBD Corp., the largest banking company based in the Midwest. In 1996, Chemical Banking Corp. merged with The Chase Manhattan Corp., keeping the name The Chase Manhattan Corp. and creating what then was the largest bank holding company in the United States. 2.2 Significance of this study In 2000, The Chase Manhattan Corp. merged with J.P.Morgan Co. Incorporated, in effect combining four of the largest and oldest money center banking institutions in New York City (Morgan, Chase, Chemical and Manufacturers Hanover) into one firm called JPMorgan Chase Co. In 2004, Bank One Corp. merged with JPMorgan Chase Co., keeping the name JPMorgan Chase Co. In 2008, JPMorgan Chase Co. acquired The Bear Stearns Companies Inc., strengthening its capabilities across a broad range of businesses, including prime brokerage, cash clearing and energy trading globally. 2.3 Limitations It becomes abundantly clear that there is no clear direction in terms of the mergers and acquisitions that JPMorgan Chase Co. performed in before and after the marriage of the giants happened. The merger was hailed and appreciated at the time when one of the largest mergers was in a vogue. The merger seemed to have happened through lots of pressure from competition more than anything else. Even after these so many years of being together, it is not very easy to tell if the individual entities are acting as one. (Wilson, 2003) The problem faced is really because of cohesiveness and integration. Although the merger went through the lack of a proper regulatory authority to oversee such mergers leads to situations such as the sub-prime crisis of 2007-2008. RESEARCH MODEL 3.1. The Fish Bone Model The coding scheme adopted for the content analysis that was conceptualized in the Porter strategic model (Porter, 1980) as operationalized in a fishbone analysis framework (Nolan, Norton Company, 1986). The coding of the content of application approximates the use of a standardized questionnaire. Hence, content analysis has the advantage of both ease and high reliability, but it may be more limited in terms of content validity to the extent that the applications reflect the underlying stated merger decision rationale. These four paths are related to creating economies of scales, expanding geographically, increasing the combined capital base (size) and product offerings, and gaining market power. This appears that decreasing costs than increasing gross revenue drives much of the merger activity at a higher. Many of the applications stated that the reduction of costs as a reason for the merger. In addition to it, many of the applications went further than a general statement of cost reduction explaining that the combined institution would create economies of scales which would result in a reduction in costs as justification for their merger/acquisition request. 3.2 Elements of the Model -Location -Product -Competitors -Market Trends However, since the merger/acquisitions within the banking industry should provide certain data (i.e. Community Reinvestment Act compliance or Herfindahl Indexes) to reinforce the merger/acquisition stated rationale, there is more validity in the stated rationale for mergers/acquisitions of this industry than in others using this approach (Cornett De, 1991). The use of the widely accepted Porter strategic model provides an appropriate framework for both inductive and deductive conclusions. 3.3. Previous Research Findings The model provides a tight linkage to the strategy literature for validity of the coding categories. More than that, the use of multiple coders and a referee insure a high degree of reliability in coding effort. For each application, two coders independently code each paragraph and the results are entered into a spreadsheet for data management purposes. The results of the two coders were then compared, and, if there was any disagreement, the referee discussed the differences with the other coders and made a final determination. For each application, a resultant tabulation was created and overlaid upon the fishbone for visual inspection. Hence, this model contains the total numerical count of the entire sample. 3.4. Critics for the Previous Research Previous literature finds an empirical evidence of links between mergers and financial performance, measured in terms of either profitability or operating efficiency (Berger, Demsetz, Strahan, 1999). The US experience cannot be a global paradigm because US banks has dominance in the global financial arena. Prior to the US bank merger wave, the banks that operated with long standing geographic restrictions, could not expand their branch networks when market opportunities arose outside their market areas. Hence, a sustained period of banking distress began in 1981. The thrift industry collapsed; many banks experienced distress in the early 1980s due to credit problems ranging from Latin American loans, loans in oil-rich domestic areas, loans for corporate mergers and commercial real estate. The failing or troubled institutions were often are taken over by expansion-oriented commercial banks; Nations bank grew through astute acquisitions during the period. Government-assisted merg ers accounted for majority of the bank mergers in the United States between 1982 and 1989. This period of distress mergers led to a shift in regulatory philosophy. Until this period, regulators guided by the antitrust law and the Bank Holding Company Acts of 1956 and 1970 placed some restrictions on bank activities and expansion, using the criteria that firms with monopolistic power will exploit it. In this period, many regulatory economists adopted Chicago new learning approach, which shifted the attention from monopoly position to contestability. Regulatory test for market power was weakened, that permitted federal regulators to override product-line and geographic restrictions in approving distress mergers. The Federal Reserve used regulatory flexibility to force modernization in U.S. banking laws. Bank regulators increasingly operated on the premise that the industry is overbanked and financial innovations has made capital and credit universally available. One approach was th e emergence of an upscale retail banking strategy. PREVIOUS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The Banks using this approach identify a preferred customer base to which they can deliver both traditional banking services-short-term consumer loans, long-term mortgages, depository services-and nontraditional services such as mutual funds, insurance, and investment advice. The second and related approach was a shift away from maturity transformation and interest-based income, towards maturity matching, secondary market sales, and fee-based income. Much of the revenue from upscale households take the form of fees, encouraged by the growth of secondary loan markets and of banks involvement in the household portfolio management. The proportion of interest expenses within banks overall expenses is declined since 1982; noninterest income has been an increasing share of bank income since 1978 (DeYoung, 1994). Large banking firms have led to the second phase of the U.S. bank merger wave because they have most aggressively pursued upscale-retail and fee-based strategies. Since the banks are not more efficient or more profitable than the smaller banks they purchase, earnings increase have not financed these acquisitions, while Wall Street has. Wall Streets analysts have adopted the concept of banking industry excess capacity; and brokers and underwriters have earned the substantial fees from the equity issues that have provided the cash needed to sweeten offers for target banks equity shares (Serwer, 1995) (Chong, 1991). CONCLUSION Although there are many frameworks used for analysis of other industries, they often do not work within the banking industry because of the imposed regulatory constraints; the model reveals that the Porter Model will be suitable in this case for examining the rationale behind the merger/acquisition activity for the banking industry. There are four main paths, for the period examined that explains the reasons behind the mergers/acquisitions activity. Utilizing the synergies between the two partners is a common phrase found throughout the applications. The usual scenario is that the smaller partners will combine with the larger partners in order to develop the economies of scale and also to reduce their combined costs. The remaining three paths are related to increasing gross revenue but at a much lower level on the fishbone framework. Most of the applications justified the merger either directly or indirectly by referencing the combined banks ability to expand geographically i nto various markets that the individual banks had not previously had a market presence. As a result, through the geographical expansion, the bank would be able to decrease the total risk as well as increase the sales of the products and, thus, increase overall gross revenue. Many of the merger/acquisition either directly or indirectly justified their mergers through the fact that the combined asset base (size) would be larger and, thus, allowing the banks to make loans to companies that the individual banks could not have previously serviced due to capital base lending regulatory restrictions. In essence, the larger capital base allowed the merged institutions to offer a new product (jumbo loans) to an existing customer or to gain new customer through the new product offering. In addition, on the same path many of the applications justified the merger through the ability to offer a greater array of products. The smaller partner (usually) would be able to offer products already carried by the larger partner and that previously due to the smaller partners size they had not able to offer. In both cases, the merger would allow the combined institution to offer a greater product array increasing their sales and, thereby, increasing gross revenue. The last path deals with the, often, indirect merger justifications of increasing market power. Through the merger, the merged banks would be better able to compete with banks within their market, increasing their product sales, and, thus, their gross revenue.

Trauma and Dignity in Night - Literature Essay Samples

Upon arrival in Auschwitz, Elie Wiesel and his companions are shocked by unspeakable atrocities, and quickly are reduced to instinct. â€Å"We no longer clung to anything. The instincts of self-preservation, of self-defense, of pride, had all deserted us† (36). The lack of humanity shown to the prisoners strips them of the basic roles they once held in civilized society, and forces many to commit unbearable acts in order to survive. The men are torn from the lives they previously led, and no longer work or hold leadership positions; the sense of autonomy they once held over their lives has vanished. The innocent men are shaved, starved, beaten, and treated as â€Å"filthy dogs,† all while performing forced labor (85). They witness children being systematically burned alive, and many of their family members are murdered. The physical and psychological trauma of the camps reduces the prisoners’ self-worth. The overwhelming horror of Wiesel’s experience, comb ined with shame perpetuated by the SS officers, results in a chilling disconnection from his previous self. In Night, Elie Wiesel manages to communicate the nearly ineffable loss of human dignity that arises from the trauma of war and violence. The Nazis structured the concentration camps in a way that deliberately dehumanized the prisoners and tested their limits of endurance. Bruno Bettleheim, a survivor of Dachau and Buchenwald, wrote extensively about his psychoanalytical observations of the camps. He observed himself, his fellow prisoners, and the SS Officers, and analyzed the different motivations each. The SS officers’ goals included â€Å"to break the prisoners as individuals and change them into docile masses†¦to provide the Gestapo with an experimental laboratory in which to study effective means for breaking civilian resistance, as well as the minimum nutritional, hygienic, and medical requirements needed to keep prisoners alive†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Bettleheim 49). The Nazis wanted to push the limits of human endurance for their own political means. The calculated nature of the camps is reflected in Wiesel’s account of their arrival, as the prisoners are stripped of their clothing and belongings. The men lose the individual signifiers that demarcate their individuality and their status in society. In the camps, the prisoners are only known by a number tattooed on one arm. Wiesel recalls, â€Å"I became A-7713. From then on, I had no other name† (42). The stripping of this essential element instills a further feeling of worthlessness in the men, perhaps more than starvation or brutality. Psychologist Judith Hassan, when discussing working with the long-term impact of trauma in Holocaust survivors, wrote that â€Å"No name, only a number, deprives a person of a basic human right – to have an identity†¦Once ‘liberated’, their identity as survivors did not facilitate a sense of belonging or status in the outside world† (Hassan 185). The reduction of one’s identity was psychologically traumatic for the prisoners, in addition to the physical horrors they witnessed. The symbolism of the simple act of removing one’s name reveals the Nazi’s intent to truly erase the lives of the prisoners. Smaller indignities, in many cases, were more harmful to the prisoners than other punishments. Through observing his fellow prisoners, Bettleheim suggests that â€Å"One felt deeper and more violent aggressions against particular SS men who had committed minor vile acts than one felt against those who had acted in a much more terrible fashion† (Bettleheim 66). Men resented verbal abuse or a slap in the face more than serious physical injury; these insults wounded the prisoners deeply. The loss of pride in their lives was one of the Nazi’s goals for the prisoners upon arrival. In Night, Elie’s father asks where the restrooms are located, and the kapo â€Å"slapped my father with such force that he fell down and then crawled back on all fours† (39). This lack of decency shocks Elie; it is one of the first moments that begin to take his father’s dignity, and by extension, Elie’s dignity. He is ashamed at his lack of defense for his father, and c annot respond as he would in a normal environment. Bettleheim acknowledges that keeping his pride was essential to his psychological survival. â€Å"†¦if the author should be asked to sum up in one sentence what, during all the time he spent in the camp, was his main problem, he would say: to safeguard his ego in such a way that, if by any good luck he should regain liberty, he would be approximately the same person he was when deprived of liberty†(Bettleheim 62). By keeping his experiences separate from his view of himself, Bettleheim attempts to remain sane. In contrast, Elie Wiesel’s memoir demonstrates an almost total loss of self that is tied to trauma. This is not surprising. Judith Hassan writes, â€Å"Life was no longer governed by the same set of values that had existed up until the onset of the trauma† (Hassan 18). Thus, the camps were not civilized environments, and the indignities they suffered pushed the prisoners away from their former selves. The instinct to survive often contradicts Elie’s filial instincts. When his father is punished for weakness, Elie’s anger is sometimes directed at his father rather at the SS officers who caused the original pain. As his father is being beaten for working too slowly, Elie writes, â€Å"I had watched it all happening without moving. I kept silent. In fact, I thought of stealing away in order not to suffer the blows†¦Why couldn’t he have avoided Idek’s wrath?† (54). While the traditional father-son dynamic provides structure and hope upon arrival, Elie struggles to support his father in the camps. He tries to gives his rations to his sick father, or to train him to march correctly. However, subconscious resentment grows in Elie’s heart, further dehumanizing his civilized self. When he is searching for his sick father, he thinks to himself, â€Å"If only I didn’t find him! If only I were relieved of this responsibility, I could use all my strength to fight for my own survival†¦Instantly, I felt ashamed, ashamed of myself forever† (106). Elie’s complex relationship with his father is of immense love and guilt. He tries to help him, but does so in fear for his life. While he clings to his father as a remnant of his previous life, the trauma of the camps shifts his relationship in ways that would never occur in normal society. Bettlheim interpreted this disconnection from life in the real world and life in the camps by observing his fellow prisoners. â€Å"The prisoners’ feeling could be summed up by the sentence: â€Å"What I am doing here, what is happening to me, does not count at all; here everything is permissible as long and insofar as it contributes to helping me survive in the camp†Ã¢â‚¬  (Bettleheim 63). The extreme danger forced the men to adapt and adopt new modicums of living. While in civilized society the parent-child bond seems unbreakable, the Nazis created an env ironment that deliberately destroyed those bonds. Other prisoners in the camp experienced similar struggles. One of the first acquaintances Elie and his father encounter from home was forced to feed his father’s body into the furnace. On the transport train, a man kills his father for a single piece of bread, and he is then killed. As the prisoners are forced to run in the snow for hours, Elie runs alongside a Rabbi’s son, remembering later, â€Å"†¦his son had seen [his father] losing ground†¦and he had continued to run in front, letting the distance between them become greater† (91). The Rabbi’s son tried to save his own life, even if it meant abandoning his connection to the real world. Additionally, Wiesel particularly emphasizes the relevance of these events situated in the context of the holocaust, as each shifted father-son relationship took away the dignity of the men involved. When his father is ill and near death, Elie struggles with h elping him or protecting his own life. He instinctually resents giving his food ration to his father, even as he does so, stating, â€Å"Just like Rabbi Eliahu’s son, I had not passed the test† (107). The test is one of ethics, but also a deep analysis of how trauma changes instinct. In any other situation, one would theoretically be proud of helping a parent, but the camps twisted the prisoners’ perception of pride and destroyed their socially learned instincts. Elie’s relationship with his father can be likened to an Oedipal complex where the son must kill the father to survive. In his father’s final hours, Elie ignores his father’s pleas for help, and states his awareness of the impact his instincts had on his psyche. â€Å"I shall never forgive myself. Nor shall I ever forgive the world for having pushed me against the wall, for having turned me into a stranger, for having awakened in me the basest, most primal instincts† (xii). T he trauma of his father’s death and Elie’s own perceived role in it takes away any dignity that remained from his civilized life. Elie’s changed relationship with his father demonstrates the Nazi’s systematic model of genocide. The Nazis took away their victims’ sense of self in an attempt to entirely decimate the Jewish civilization, as well as any others who opposed their regime. In analyzing how concentration camp groups responded as a whole, Bettleheim wrote, â€Å"The main goal of the Nazi efforts seemed to be to produce in their subjects childlike attitudes and childlike dependency on the will of the leaders†¦it was very difficult not to become subject to the slow process of personality disintegration†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (83). The Nazis destroyed people’s individuality in their attempt of systematically reordering the population through eugenics. The loss of power over one’s life, and the loss of control over one’s reacti ons, produced severe traumatic results in the prisoners once the concentration camp prisoners were released. After he is liberated from Buchenwald, Wiesel has no thoughts of joy or revenge. His dignity was systematically, deliberately taken from him, and he lost his parents and younger sister. The result is that he is transformed forever. â€Å"†¦I decided to look at myself in the mirror on the opposite wall. I had not seen myself since the ghetto. From the depths of the mirror, a corpse was contemplating me. The look in his eyes has never left me† (115). After the trauma he experienced as a teenager in the camps, Wiesel’s entire sense of self has ‘died’, and he is changed forever. Bibliography Wiesel, Elie. Night. New York: Hill and Wang, 2006. Print. Bettelheim, Bruno,. Surviving and Other Essays. New York: Vintage Books, 1980. Print. Hassan, Judith. A House Next Door to Trauma : Learning from Holocaust Survivors how to Respond to Atrocity. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2003. Print.

Interpersonal Communication Essay - 1054 Words

Interpersonal communication is defined by Michael Cody as: the exchange of symbols used to achieve interpersonal goals(28). Does this definition include everything, or does it only include certain things?. When we are dealing with the issue of interpersonal communication we must realize that people view it differently. In this paper I will develop my own idea or definition of what interpersonal communication is. I will then proceed to identify any important assumptions or issues that become important in the definition that I choose. Finally, I will provide examples of communicative and non-communicative events based on my definition. Interpersonal communication, in my opinion, is the exchange of information verbal or†¦show more content†¦The information has to be shared such as when a friend tells another friend about a problem that he or she is having or when a child talks to his or her parents about something personal. That information is being shared by two people in orde r to illicit a feedback. There are many important issues that become important when discussing my definition of interpersonal communication. One primary assumption is that communication must be carried on by people that are alive. Michael Cody uses an assumption like this when he is discussing his definition of interpersonal communication. Codys assumption says that interpersonal communication occurs between people who are in a state of being. His state of being is different form mine in that I mainly imply that the person must be alive in order to establish interpersonal communication. In Cody assumption his state of being is three pronged including, 1) people change, 2) people are searching for meaning for development and 3) it implies that communication can never be replicated (Cody 30). When Cody talks about being he is going into more detail than I would. As stated earlier my state of being means just being alive. Another important issue that needs to be brought up when discussing my definition of interpersonal communication is the issue of the number of people. When dealing with the issue of interpersonal communication the amount of people being communicated with is of utmostShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication753 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Student’s Name COM200: Interpersonal Communication Instructor’s Name Date (Sample March 19, 2014) Introduction- Thesis Statement * If you’re having difficulties writing a thesis, use the thesis generator in the Ashford Writing Center - https://awc.ashford.edu/writing-tools-thesis-generator.html. Remember, a thesis should make a claim – a definitive statement – about some issue. Here is an example: Effective communication is the most important factor in a successful relationshipRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesI. 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In general, feedback is employed to deliver informationRead MoreInterpersonal Communication1292 Words   |  6 Pages | | | |Interpersonal Communication | | Read MoreThe Effects Of Interpersonal Competence On Interpersonal Communication1053 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Interpersonal competence is an aspect of communication that is rarely given attention despite being a crucial facet of human interaction. In fact, Beebe et al. argue that it is comparable to breathing for being do critical to human growth (2). According to Beebe et al., this aspect of communication is necessary to maintain relationships and to improve affairs between lovers (6-7). To enhance our competence in interpersonal communication, we need to learn and master ways of verbally relating

Fundamentalism and Modern People Essay - 613 Words

There are many themes that can be considered in the novel â€Å"Persepolis.† One of the major themes that can be found in the book is fundamentalism vs. modernism/western ideals. The author, Satrapi uses fundamentalism and modernism to show that there are multiple opposing sides to how society should be run. She clearly depicts this idea through various images and context in the novel, giving the reader a clear understanding of a conflict between two different groups. The idea being shown in this novel that the reader can learn is that there are always multiple sides in a conflict, and that each side will try to control society and modify it to follow their standards. Satrapi uses many types of authorial techniques in her writing and the†¦show more content†¦When the guardians spot her, they start to scold her for wearing western clothes and for wearing things that are improper. The guardians as a fundamentalist had the job of â€Å"to arrest women who were improperly veiled† (132-5). The last image depicts the guardians starting their process on arresting Marji. This piece of imagery shows the views of fundamentalist women vs modern women and how the fundamentalist women are forcing Marji to realize that its wrong to wear modern clothes. Another literary technique the author uses is foreshadowing in showing the theme of fundamentalism vs. modernism. The author shows this in the panel where Ebi tells the family that they are free and can enjoy their life. Also in the picture is a picture of a serpent (43-7). Ebi is declaring that they can have their own way of life and live in the way of modernism. However, the picture of the serpent depicts that there is still evil lurking around and it foreshadows that bad events are soon to come which in this case, is the reise and control of the fundamentalists in support of the government, Over the modern people. This shows that there are still fundamental vs. modern views in the society and that the fundamentalists will continue to try to control the modern people and make the modern people follow their standards. From the book, readers can better realize that there are always groups trying to control eachShow MoreRelatedHow Does Fundamentalism Affect Our Modern Day Society?1402 Words   |  6 PagesFundamentalism was first talked about during the debate by the Fundamentalist-Modernist in the 1920’s. Fundamentalism is defined as a type of religion that upholds very strict beliefs from the scripture they worship. There are several people and groups such as John Nelson Darby, William Bell Riley, and one group that, been in the news a lot lately, Westboro Baptist Church. The members of Westboro Baptist Church are known in modern day as a group of people known for hate speeches against homosexualRead MoreThe Idea Of Secularization As A Concept Of Society1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthat, in the face of modernity, people would move further towards scientific reasoning and the rational and thus, there would be a corresponding decline in religion. Berger (As cited in Juergensmeyer 2013) stated in one of his journals that by ‘The 21st century, religious believers are likely to be found only in small sects, huddled together to resist a worldwide secular culture.’ Berger judged that modernity was allowing for an increase in individualism as people had increase access to technologyRead MoreThe, Science And Imagination, By Wendel Berry Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pageshas triggered a new way of thinking among many people. What seems challenging is drawing the limits of this advancement in terms of what is ideal and imperative for humanity. Science seems to provide concrete evidence for its discoveries. However, the increased reliance on scientific discoveries and technology is diminishing the human morals. All these are amidst the emergence of dualities such as religious fundamentalism and scientific fundamentalism, each trying to convert the other. ScientificRead MoreWhy Religion is Still such a Strong Force in Contemporary Society1464 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will look at the idea of modernity and fundamentalism and then present three arguments to why religion is still such a force despite theorist claiming that secularisation would rid t he world of religion. These arguments are; firstly, globalisation has caused a uprising of fundamentalism due to the clash of civilisations, secondly, people seek the security religion gives them when the state fails to do so and, thirdly, in the western world, people still seek out religion due to the feeling ofRead MorePaper 2 - the Rise of Fundamentalism1726 Words   |  7 PagesPAPER 2 – THE RISE OF FUNDAMENTALISM PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR MARK NICKENS FOR CHHI 302 – DO1 BY REV. JOSEPH T. WHITAKER, III LU23755920 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY LYNCHBURG VIRGINIA NOVEMBER 19, 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 THERead MoreSuicide Terrorism And Islamic Fundamentalism991 Words   |  4 Pagesrising around the world (Pape pg. 6). Since many terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by Muslim terrorist motivated by religious beliefs, it makes people think that Islamic fundamentalism is the central cause. The connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism is incorrect, and encourage foreign countries to harm many Muslims people that are harmless. The author has assembled a database that accounts â€Å"every suicide bombing and attack around the globe from 1980 through 2003† (PapeRead MoreThe New Brunswick Islamic Center977 Words   |  4 Pagesor Islamic religious leader. The ImÄ m surprisingly talked about Jesus and several secular ideals. His sermon applied to everyone, with rules such as not to trust anyone who is unkind to their parents, or to respect your elders. During the sermon, people continued to enter the ritual hall. The entire feel of the service felt relaxed, yet incredibly respectful. By the time the room was full, the service entered rak’ah, or the community prayer to Allah. The call and response between the ImÄ m and communityRead MoreNotes on Virtue, Tradition and Animal Mating Essay893 Words   |  4 Pages1. In Rousseau’s criticism of the effects of modern civilization, one of his critical themes that evident is virtue. He believes the new arts and sciences give the appearance but not the reality of virtue, which he holds to be the true value of civilization. Rousseau seems to indicate that humans in a state of nature were moral and generally good, because in their original simplicity they could not deceive one another. The arts and sciences, then, challenge that basic morality, being created throughoutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Yacoubian Building 1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yacoubian Building, like many novels in the vein of historical fiction, contextualizes factual events through characterization and symbolism. Set in post-Nasse r modern Egypt, the reader is introduced to a number of characters - a wealthy, promiscuous engineer; a young woman down on her luck; a boy turned quickly to fundamentalist attitudes just to name a few. These characters and their escapades provide more than just entertainment for the reader, however. Al-Aswany uses the characters in hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Charles Finney s The Reality Of Free Will 1422 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamentalists to judgmentally insulate themselves from modern culture (Bingham, 2002, p. 163). To understand the real weakness, is to understand the definition of fundamentalism, which is part of the media today. Referring to groups who react to modernism in a militant way. Modern Islamic jihadists are described as â€Å"Islamic fundamentalists†. And many unhelpful comparisons made between such persons and Christian fundamentalism. However, fundamentalism involves the conservative Protestant reaction to the

The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children - 1258 Words

Statistics show that 10 minutes into playing a violent video game the average person becomes desensitized to the fact that they are killing someone. Now it it may seem like nothing when you play these games. But when people, especially children play them often it starts to become the only thing that they think about. Even if it is â€Å"just a character† in a game it becomes so to them to pull that trigger. I’ve witnessed this happen in my own household and I don’t hesitate to say: violent video games are poisonous to the brain. I have two brothers, they are genuinely good kids. When they were about ten years old they really started to get into video games. Especially the war, shooting, and theft games. Games from the Halo, Call Of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto franchises were their favorites. Now they knew they were â€Å"bad† games, so did my sister and I. However, My mother did not. She knew they liked them and wanted the games, so she would buy them these games for birthdays and Christmas. They played them from the second they got home until it was time for dinner. Then after dinner they would return to the virtual reality of being an assassin or a car thief until they were told to go to sleep. I quickly became what I would call an addiction. It was all they ever talked about to anyone. I really started to worry for them. They were video games zombies. Their eyes, dry and tired, were constantly glued to the flat screen in our family room. They even admitted to having sore thumbsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games. Anderson et al. (2008), Anderson et al. (2010), Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis (2005), Erwin and Morton (2008), Gentile and Stone (2005), and Jason et al. (2005) revealed a correlation between violent video games with immediate and later aggressive behavior. All of the research for the effects of violent videos games are conducted on older children and current research has not yet studied young children or preschoolers. It is important to note what research exclaims about the long-termRead MoreViolent Video Games Effect On Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagessamples of the dialog talked between kids who play games such as like â€Å"Call of Duty† or â€Å"Halo†. In today s age, kids frequently boast about the quantity of players they figured out how to kill while playing these video games. Two decades ago, this would not be the typical waste of time of an eleven year old, yet now kids are seeing this kind of brutal movement as simply one more approach to take a break on a Saturday morning. Since the video game market is blastin g at this moment because of progressiveRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Children934 Words   |  4 Pagestodays’ society is Violent video games effect negatively on youngsters. This issue is growing because many of these games are featured aggressive elements that lead youngsters towards violence. For most players, video games are fun but also violent games take over the lives of some player. Since the world of video games was started in the 1980s, the video games still getting new level of popularity in this world. Most people are getting really addictive of these violent video games. The first importantRead MoreViolent Video Games and Their Effect on Children2104 Words   |  9 PagesProfessor Colbert English 128-03 7 April 2010 Violent Video Games and Their Effect on Children Ever since the creation of the first video game, they have had a certain effect on the individuals who play them. As video games have become more advanced and elaborate, children’s interest is at an all time high. With the degree of violence that has been a part of video games since the early 1990’s, parents and activists have claimed that these games are affecting children negatively. This claim only seems toRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1359 Words   |  6 PagesKhan, Mohammad Salman English 1001 Rebekah Barton 5/4/2015 Effects of Violent Video Games â€Å"Boom! Headshot† â€Å"Time to kill that commie bastard† these are not from some war movies or documentaries. These are the dialogues of some recent games in market. In modern age, children often feel proud about the number of people or enemy they managed to kill when they are playing these games in various console. While even a decade before, this would not be the normal past time of an eleven year old teenage kidRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages† Studies has shown that children that play violent video games desensitize players to real-life acts of violence, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology says that it is a reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence. It is also proven that people who are desensitized to violence are likely to commit a violent crime of some type. In 2011 there was a study that resulted in the finding of a link between the exposure of violent vide o games and an increase in aggressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children2016 Words   |  9 PagesMaisonneuve Professor Haynes CENG 102 04 December 2015 The Effects of Violent Video Games On Children Newton N. Minow once said, â€Å"Children will watch anything, and when a broadcaster uses crime and violence and other shoddy devices to monopolize a child’s attention, it’s worse than taking candy from a baby. It is taking precious time from the process of growing up†.The media is a powerful tool that in a very influence on children. There are many things that the youth in today s society isRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1790 Words   |  8 PagesGaming the Violent Life Throughout recent years there has been many stories, well, more like excuses that adolescents have blamed violent video games for their violent behaviors. Can children truly use this as their excuse anymore? Many studies on this subject have recently been in the spotlight over the concern of young violent offenders, with numerous governing leaders and child developmental specialist concerned whether violent video games are the true cause of violence in children. With the growingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesrestless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formation of terrible habits. The ideas that will be discussed in this essay will pertain to how children are becomingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society are adamant about their teenagers refraining from playing violent video games. Specifically, parents worry about their children playing mature-rated video games that feature blood, gore, vulgar language, use of drugs, and intense violence. Quite a few of these parents believe that their children can be heavily influenced by these brutal video games, which will in turn raise their teenagers to become violent, aggressive, and criminal minded individuals. In hindsight, these parents

The Black Imagination By Bell Hooks - 961 Words

Representing whiteness in the black imagination is an article based on black perceptions and emotions regarding whites and their wrongful actions. Bell hooks, the author, voices the true emotions of blacks and discusses different ways in which whites attempt to modify these perceptions. She includes real-life experiences of people of color and stresses their emotions and fear when witnessing a white person. The article, Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination, by bell hooks, abandons traditional studies focused on white perceptions of black and instead is based on discovering the hidden views of the oppressed towards the oppressor. The author investigates ways in which whites attempt to deceive blacks through binaries between black and whites, invisibility approaches, and assimilation and forgetfulness, in order to maintain a positive perception of whites, despite their unjust actions. Throughout hooks’ article, she introduces the idea behind binaries between black and white and our minds unconscious dependence on them. Hooks discusses how society is taught to automatically associate the term black with bad things and white with good things without hesitation. This indirectly deceives blacks into affiliating themselves with negative terms and ideas, leading to unconscious self-hate. Hooks states, â€Å" Though systems of domination, imperialism, colonialism and racism actively coerce black folks to internalize negative perceptions of blackness, to be self-hating, andShow MoreRelatedThe Black Imagination By Bell Hooks954 Words   |  4 Pages bell hooks, renowned black feminist and cultural critic criticizes the lack of racial awareness in her essay, Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination (1992). ‘bell hooks’ is written in lower case to convey that the substance of her work reigns more important than the writer. From a marginalized perspective, hooks argues that sites of dominance, not otherness is problematic and critique s the lack of attention that white scholars pay to the representation of whiteness in the black imaginationRead MoreThe Black Imagination By Bell Hooks837 Words   |  4 Pages‘Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination’, the author bell hooks brings our attention to her opinion of the impression colored people would have on about white people. Bell hooks opens her article by informing us about the times of slavery and how black people would gossip about what they have observed of the white folk. This knowledge was shared for their survival and easier living as domestic servants. Now, however, colored and white people live coherent with one another but hooks argues that even nowRead MoreThe Black Imagination By Bell Hooks1096 Words   |  5 Pagespractices. These measures are recognized as the intent standard in which other cultures are persuaded to live by. Bell hooks discusses the evolution of whiteness in an innovative article in which she theorizes this convi ction as normative, a structural advantage, an inclusive standpoint, and an unmarked name by those who are manipulating this interdisciplinary. Most intellects, including hooks, would argue that whiteness is a continuation of history; a dominant cultural location that has been unconsciouslyRead MoreRepresenting Whiteness In The Black Imagination By Bell Hooks Summary1519 Words   |  7 Pagesof dominance over black people and their feelings. In this case, an intersectional feminist analysis matters because women who are able bodied, cis-gendered, privileged and white are only being considered whereas bell hooks argue that men, women and trans people who oppressed should be fought for. And Peggy McIntosh adds onto this but a white woman who addresses and recognizes her privilege to help other white individuals understand what they have and blacks do not. In bell hooks, â€Å"Representing WhitenessRead MoreGender, Racial, Sexuality, Race, And Class ( 11 )975 Words   |  4 Pagesadvance frameworks for recognizing the intersection of gender, sexuality, race, and class (11). Frankenberg and hooks share a racist discourse of hyper visibility towards African Americans; however, Frankenberg notes the invisibility towards Asian Americans and Native American minorities (12). Here, race is constructed as a biological category while whiteness embodies superiority. Hooks argues that stereotypes; however inaccurate, are one form of representation for a desired category and project aRead MoreThe Readings White Privilege : Unpacking The Invisible Knapsack, By Peggy Mcintosh, White Women, Race Matters1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe readings White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, by Peggy McIntosh, White Women, Race Matters by Ruth Frankenberg and Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination, by bell hooks, all cover the issue of whi teness from different perspectives. There are many aspects of whiteness; in this essay, I will argue that the two most important features are the absence of knowledge of the issue on the part of white people and stereotype consequences. A key point in racism is whiteness, andRead MoreEssay about Caucasia written by Danzy Senna1336 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough society advocates believing in a ‘sameness’ between people who are black or white, individuals are still organized by race, class, gender and sexuality into social hierarchies. These hierarchies essentially formulate stigmas that suppress certain races and discriminate against them. Caucasia written by Danzy Senna is focused around a young mixed girl, Birdie, who encounters obstacles in her life that help her form her own perceptions about issues regarding class, race, and sexuality. TheseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Bluest Eye 1484 Words   |  6 PagesWithin The Bluest Eye, as in real life, black peo ple, no matter their wealth or education, are constantly faced with the assumptions and demands of a Eurocentric dominated world. Some of these involve encounters with actual people, as when white furniture movers refuse to take back the Breedlove’s torn couch, or when a white candy store owner displays his contemptuous indifference towards Pecola because she’s black. In the novel,Morrison looks deeply into the personality of her characters, exploringRead MoreThe Roots And Stylistic Foundations Of The Rap Music Tradition1778 Words   |  8 Pagesexpression and sharing, even amongst segregated and disadvantaged localities. bell hooks’ â€Å"The Coolness of Being Real† 1. In the very first paragraph of her essay, hooks writes â€Å"Black male cool was defined by the ability to withstand the heat and remain centered.† What do we generally mean by the word cool? List several connotations of the word. Which of them applies most directly to hooks’s meaning? What does hooks mean by â€Å"centered†? The contemporary understanding of cool oftentimes aligns itselfRead MoreTrauma And Recovery By Judith Herman Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pagesreality. II. Hooks, Bell. Ain’t I a Woman excerpts || McGuire, Danielle. At the Dark End of the Street. (**Combined Readings**) Bell Hooks’, â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman†, a novel which I fell in love with while enrolled in a Women and Gender studies course at Pace University, tells of the racist and sexist experiences of black women in America and how these attitudes often affect conversations regarding social justice and history in the context of feminist and anti-racial crusades. Hooks makes the connection

Management for International Business -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManagement for International Business and Management. Answer: SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis includes the factors that help the company to analyze the internal and the external factors that can impact the working of the KFC. The SWOT analysis of the KFC is discussed below and includes the Global as well Middle East regions perspective. The Middle East regions consist of Cyrus, Turkey, Egypt, and various territories and states of Arabia (Hollensen, 2015). Strength Global perspective- The Company is having the global presence as KFC is the worlds 2nd largest restaurant chain. The company is having approximately 18,000 KFC outlets in 120 countries and the territories across the world. KFC brand is well known for the fried chicken across the world, but now along with the Non-veg offering company is proving the Veg Category. The company is leading in the world because of their secret recipe that contains 11 herbs and species. This recipe became the strength of the company and helped the KFC to become the successful food chain across the world (Shuailing, Zhi, 2015). Middle East Regions- Middle East regions are considered as the strong markets of the KFC. The company is earning huge amount of revenue from the franchises and the licensees fees that are established in Middle East regions. This is the reason company is having the strong brand reputation along with the visibility and accessibility in Middle East regions. The accessibility of the KFC outlets is more in the east regions which enhances the goodwill of the company. Weakness Global perspective- The management of the franchises across the world is bringing trouble for the KFC. The KFC found that they closed many outlets because they found the conflicting operational issues among the KFC and its franchisees. The food provided by the KFC includes the unhygienic calories and unhealthy fats, which affects the business of the KFC because nowadays the people are becoming health conscious (Hollensen, 2015). Middle East Regions- KFC Company is least interested to bring any development and innovation in the Middle East regions and this is becoming a weakness for the company. The company also faces problems related to the management of the franchises across the eastern regions. Opportunity Global perspective- The KFC brand stills have the market expansion options that can be used by the company as the lifestyle of the customer is changing. The company has the opportunity to get the specialty in the vegetarian menu; this will leads to the growth and success of the company. Penetration can be adopted by the company which will help the company in enhancing the growth and becoming the leading player in the food chain industry (Zhuang, Jiang, 2016). Middle East Regions- Company has the opportunity to open many more outlets in East regions. Opening new outlets will enhance the growth and profit of KFC. The company has the opportunity to bring more of the vegetarian's dishes as most of the people like to have the vegetarian dishes instead of the non-veg. Threats Global perspective- The company has to compete with different competitors across the world, this is the reason KFC is not a leader in the industry. The change in the eating habits of the customers is leading and become a threat, the habits are changing due to the awareness of the healthy products. The increase in the prices of the raw material is one of the threats. The closure of the franchises might create the impact on the brand image of the company which is again a threat. Middle East Regions- The leading competitor McDonald is giving competition to the KFC in the Middle East regions as well. The threat of the competition is increasing and it is becoming the threat to the company. The prices of the raw material are also increasing which made the KFC think that if they increase the price they will not be able to compete in the market (Mahidin, Othman, Saifudin, 2016). References Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Mahidin, N., Othman, S. N., Saifudin, A. M. (2016). Halal logistics issues among the food industry companies: A preliminary study. Shuailing, L. I., Zhi, Y. U. (2015). KFC development in Chinese marketbased on the social responsibility and ethics. International Business and Management, 10(3), 142-146. Zhuang, K., Jiang, Y. (2016). An analysis of the development of the Chinese fast food industry. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 6(5), 85.